The dearly departed: the lost airlines of 2019
They are no more, they have ceased to be, they are ex airlines: a summary of the operators which met their demise in 2019.
In this Insight, Ishka summarises the airlines which have closed down during 2019. We have attempted to identify all the airlines which have ceased operations due to insolvency, or else lost their operating licenses (and are unlikely to have them returned). Thus, we have omitted any airlines which currently have suspended operations, and, which may, or may not, survive. Furthermore, any airline that has nominally ceased to operate but in practice, continues under another name or as part of another airline (as a subsidiary or out-right purchase) has not been included.
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Airline | Base | Founded | Service | Aircraft | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Adria Airways | Slovenia | 1961 | Scheduled, Charter | A320, 737-500, CRJ900LR, CRJ200LR | |
Aerolínea de Antioquia | Colombia | 1987 | Scheduled, Charter | J32, DHC-6-300, DO328-110, | |
Aigle Azur | France | 1946 | Scheduled, Charter, Cargo | A320, A330 | After making heavy losses for successive years, this airline was unable to recover or find a sustainable buyout offer. |
Air Philip | South Korea | 2016 | Scheduled | ERJ145 | |
Al Naser Wings | Iraq | 2009 | Scheduled, Charter, Cargo | A340-600, 737-200, 767-200 | |
Asian Express Airline | Tajikistan | 2011 | Charter | A320, ARJ100, ARJ85 | |
Astra Airlines | Greece | 2008 | Charter | ATR 42, ATR 72, BAe146-300 | There was a lack of funds to maintain day to day activity. |
Avianca Argentina | Argentina | 1995 | Scheduled, Charter | ATR-72, A320 | |
Avianca Brasil | Brazil | 1998 | Scheduled | A318, A319, A320ceo (+neo), A330 | ANAC suspended all flights following a bankruptcy filing. |
Bulgarian Eagle | Bulgaria | 2017 | Charter | A319 | Owned by Germania |
California Pacific | USA | 2009 | Scheduled | ERJ145 | Having struggled to start operating since its inception, the airline finally closed down. |
Far Eastern Air Transport | Taiwan | 1957 | Scheduled, Charter | ATR 72-600, MD-82, MD-83 | After regaining its licenses in 2011, the airline has struggled to recover and was hit by the delayed 737 MAX deliveries. |
Fastjet Mozambique | Mozambique | 2017 | Virtual Airline | ERJ145 | Operating under the Solenta Aviation Mozambique airline license and operational certificates, as fastjet Mozambique. |
Flybmi | United Kingdom | 1987 | Scheduled | ERJ135, ERJ145 | Flybmi stated tough competition and the consequences of Brexit as reasons for it shutting down. |
Fly Jamaica | Jamaica | 2011 | Scheduled, Charter | 767-300ER, 757-200 | The only active aircraft crashed in November 2018. |
Germania | Germany | 1979 | Scheduled, Charter | A319, A321, A320, | Germania cited rising fuel and maintenance costs, a strong dollar and issues integrating new aircraft into its fleet as causes for its downfall. |
Indonesia Air Asia X | Indonesia | 2014 | Scheduled, Charter | A330-300 | |
InselAir | Curaçao | 1993 | Scheduled | Fokker 50 | A large proportion of its funds were held in the Bolivar which rapidly devalued, and the airline was unable to transfer currencies. |
Jet Airways | India | 1993 | Scheduled | 737-800, 737 MAX, 777-300ER, A330-300, | The airline had a high amount of debt and faced tough domestic competition. |
Joon | France | 2017 | Scheduled | A320, A321, A340-300 | A failed business strategy led to a lack in demand for the service. |
KC International Airlines | Cambodia | 2017 | Scheduled | A320-200 | |
New Gen Airways | Thailand | 2012 | Charter | 737-400, -800 | |
Peruvian Airlines | Peru | 2007 | Scheduled | 737-300, -400, -500 | Following legal issues, the airline lacked the liquidity necessary to operate. |
Sky Gabon | Gabon | 2006 | Cargo | 747, Fokker 50 | |
TAM Bolivia | Bolivia | 1945 | Scheduled | 737-300, BAe146 | Owned by the Bolivian Air Force. |
Tandem Aero | Moldova | 1998 | Charter | A320, EMB120 | Operator’s certificate was revoked. |
Taron-Avia | Armenia | 2007 | Charter, Cargo | 737-500 | |
Thomas Cook Airlines | UK and Balearics | 1986 | Scheduled, Charter | A320, A321, A330, | The airline faced tough domestic conditions combined with heavy debt repayments. |
Fly Tristar Services | Kenya | 1998 | Scheduled, Charter | A300-200F | The airline’s only aircraft was damaged beyond repair. |
Ukraine Air Alliance | Ukraine | 1992 | Cargo | AN-12BK, AN-12BP | |
Uni-Top Airlines | China | 2009 | Cargo | A300-600, | |
Via Air | USA | 1997 | Charter | EMB120, ERJ145 | After losing its rights to fly in Austin, the airline quickly declined. |
Wisdom Airways | Thailand | 2017 | Scheduled, Charter | Cessna 208B Grand Caravan | |
WOW Air | Iceland | 2011 | Scheduled | A320, A321, A330 | Ceased operations although there is potential for survival, dependent upon new investment. |
XL Airways France | France | 1995 | Scheduled, Charter | A330-300, -200 | The airline suffered from a lack of demand from tourists (particularly from Asia) as well as high competition from LCC’s. |
Source: Ishka research |
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The Ishka View
Rising fuel costs, tough competition, particularly from Low-Cost Carriers (LCCs), and geopolitical issues coupled with a strong US dollar have all contributed to a harsher environment for airline operators.
Ishka notes around a third of bust airlines last year were European, and there has been a slight rise in the number of chartered airlines failing.
There were also some large and established airlines that did not reach the end of the decade, namely Thomas Cook, Jet Airways, XL Airways France and WOW Air. Many of these failures were not a surprise to the industry with many of these airlines under duress for some time.
Intense competition was a major factor in the collapse of these airlines as well some arguably dated business models. In contrast, Joon attempted to capture the ‘millennial traveller’ and found a lack of demand and organisational direction quickly led to its collapse. What is noteworthy is the pace at which the aircraft of these failed airlines find new homes. The indications are that those ‘in demand’ types, such as the A321 and certainly the 737NG, are being placed by lessors and at reasonable rates. Overall, 2019 has shown that tough operating conditions can quickly affect airlines’ performance and lead to the early stages of closure. There will likely be more airlines during 2020 that will struggle to survive as the industry faces new hurdles (for example the 737 MAX grounding, and its reintroduction) as well as enduring a continuation of the conditions of the past year.
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